In a normal pregnancy, a male sperm penetrates a woman's egg and fertilizes it inside her body after ovulation, when a mature egg has been released from the ovaries.
The fertilized egg then attaches itself to the wall of the uterus, or womb, and begins developing into a baby. This is known as natural conception.
However, if natural or unassisted conception is not possible, fertility treatment is an option.
IVF has been used since the late 1970s. On 25 July 1978, the first "test-tube baby," Louise Brown, was born. Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe, who collaborated on the procedure, are considered to be the pioneers of IVF.
It involves fertilizing an egg outside the body, in a laboratory dish, and then implanting it in a woman's uterus.
By 2016, some 6.5 million babies had been born using in-vitro fertilization (IVF). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), around 1.6 percent of babies born in the United States each year are conceived through assisted reproductive technology (ART).
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